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African American History Medical Notes*
Compiled by William Larsha, Sr. For The Mid-South Tribune (Published Black History Month, February 1999) B.C. – Written in ancient Egypt, papyri were the first medical text books 1658 – The first American hospital built to serve sick Negroes opened on Manhattan Island [New York] 1783 – James Derham, a former slave, becomes the first Negro physician 1833 – The oldest hospital built by whites for Negro patients was the Savannah Infirmary in Georgia. 1845 – The Mississippi State Hospital in Natchez cared only for the slaves whose owners could pay a dollar a day for service. 1862 – Howard University was founded by an act of the U.S. Congress 1865 - The Freedmen’s Bureau which was established by Congress filled the void for Negro hospital service for a short time. 1868 – Howard University opens its School of Medicine and Nursing. 1870 – Only eleven of the Freedmen’s bureau Hospitals were still opened. 1872 – All of the Freedmen’s Bureau hospitals were closed except in Washington, D.C. 1876 – Meharry Medical School was founded as the Medical Department of Central College in Nashville, Tennessee. 1881- Spelman College in Atlanta opened its medical facility. 1883 – William A. Hinton developed the “Hinton test” for diagnosing syphilis was born. 1892 – The Medical and Surgical Observer is the first African American Medical journal. 1892 – Provident Hospital of Chicago was the first school for training Negro nurses. 1894 – School of Nursing at Freedmen’s Hospital in Washington, D.C. opened. 1895 – The National Medical Association founded. 1900 – Of the 41 private Negro hospitals, 78 percent were in the South. 1909 – Collins Chapel, a Colored Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church facility, was founded in Memphis, Tennessee. 1909 – The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses as founded. 1912 – The number of Negro hospitals had grown to 65. 1913 – Walden Hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee was founded. 1913 – The National Dental Association was formed. 1919 – Negro hospitals increased from 65 to 118. 1922 – Andrew E. Mellon, then Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, approved $2.5 million for the establishment of a Veteran’s Hospital at Tuskegee Institute. 1923 – It was reported that only 7 percent of the 202 Negro hospitals that were studied had at least 50 beds. 1924 – Howard University Medical School and Meharry Medical College were the only two Negro medical schools left of the 14 that had been established. 1934 – 134 Negro hospitals were in operation. 1934 – Of all Negro hospitals, only 14 were approved for residency training. 1939 – Only 10 Negro hospitals were approved for internship training for Negro physicians. 1978 – Morehouse Medical School was founded in Atlanta, Georgia. 1987 – It was reported that only 20 percent of the country’s 6000 African American physicians had graduated from either Meharry Medical College or Howard University. ###
* From The Mid-South Tribune/Black Information Highway archives.
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